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When performing FFT transformation, if coherent sampling is not adopted, some problems will occur, such as spectrum leakage. There are generally two ways to avoid spectrum leakage. One is to adopt coherent sampling, and the other is to use window functions to compensate and reduce spectrum leakage, but it cannot be completely eliminated. Generally, there are different types of window functions, and the appropriate window function can be selected according to the actual situation. Regarding coherent sampling, certain rules need to be followed:

• 1.The sampled signal needs to be divided into periods;
• 2.Fs/N=Ft/M, Fs is the sampling frequency, N is the number of sampling points, Ft is the sampled signal frequency, and M is the number of periods sampled by the sampled signal;
• 3.In addition, M and N need to be prime to each other and both need to be integers, so as to avoid repeated sampling and improve efficiency.